The tractor is powered by a John Deere iTorque power system, a combination of engine features and an exclusive hood design providing superior lugging ability, even cooling, and durability. Key engine features include:

• 25.5 hp (19 kW)
• Large 44.3-cu in. (726-cc) displacement
• V-twin air-cooled design 
  • Excellent power and performance
  • Smooth, quiet power
  • Easy starts
• Quality features include:
  • Cast-iron cylinder liners
  • Overhead valves
  • Full-pressure lubrication
  • Replaceable oil filter
  • Dual-stage air cleaner
• Solenoid-shift starter for easy starts, even in cold weather

• Electronic fuel injection (EFI)

  • EFI meters the correct amount of fuel directly into each engine cylinder for all operating conditions.
  • It simplifies engine starts and warm-up by eliminating the need for the operator to use a choke.
  • Fuel usage is reduced up to 10 percent compared to a carbureted engine.

• Electronic throttle control

  • Electronic throttle control works in conjunction with EFI to electronically adjust the supply of fuel air mixture, to increase torque as needed to maintain engine operating speed under load.
  • Ground speed and mower blade-tip speed remain constant, even in heavy-grass conditions, to improve productivity and cut quality.
    • Mechanical governors cannot respond fast enough to maintain a constant engine speed.
  • Some torque rise remains to warn the operator before the engine stalls.
  • X590 Tractor's electronic throttle control is a first in the mowing industry.

Electronic fuel injection and electronic throttle control

No choke control is needed for the EFI engine because a servo motor controls the intake air butterfly valve and the air stream. For cold starts, the actuator closes the valve, making starting the engine easier - no choke lever is needed. Starts are quick and easy, even for inexperienced operators.

The advanced engine features provide the following advantages:

• Electronic throttle control improves performance.

  • Mowing time is reduced as the electronic throttle control keeps the engine operating at optimum speed, responding instantaneously as the mower transitions from light to heavy mowing.
  • Cut quality is improved, especially in difficult mowing conditions, because the electronic throttle control keeps the mower blades turning at full speed, delivering optimal cut quality and dispersion of clippings. While snow blowing, maintaining the fan speed enables consistent snow placement.

• EFI increases uptime.

  • Fast, reliable starts are routine just like with a modern automobile. EFI automatically meters fuel, including the extra fuel needed to start a cold engine. Flooding by unnecessary choking of a warm engine is eliminated. No carburetor adjustments are needed at altitude.
  • No choke-related problems since the choke is eliminated, thus ensuring operator confidence and quick starts, even in cold ambient temperatures (snow blower use). The mechanical throttle cable is replaced by an electric linkage that is not susceptible to wear or freezing.

• Cost of ownership is reduced.

  • EFI precisely meters fuel to each engine cylinder. Fuel usage can be expected to be about 10 percent less than with a similar carbureted tractor.
  • Reduced maintenance expense because of fewer complaints related to hard starting, vapor lock, misfire, run-on, or fouled spark plugs.

• The X590 Tractor, including the engine, is covered by a 4-year/500-hour bumper-to-bumper warranty*.

Flywheel alternator

A flywheel alternator provides plenty of capacity to quickly recharge the battery and power electrical equipment, such as lights or a sprayer:

• 15-amp charging capacity
• Regulated to keep the battery at a full charge, without risk of overcharging

*Term limited to years or hours used, whichever comes first, and varies by model. See the LIMITED WARRANTY FOR NEW JOHN DEERE TURF AND UTILITY EQUIPMENT at JohnDeere.com or JohnDeere.ca/TUWarranty for details.

Fuel tank has a large, 4.4-U.S. gal. (16.6-L) capacity

Quality fuel system components enhance performance and convenience:

• Large, 4.4-U.S. gal. (16.6-L) capacity
• Wide, 3-in. (7.6-cm) diameter fuel tank filler opening
  • Located on the left fender
  • Makes adding fuel easy and helps eliminate spillage
• Sealed and tethered fuel cap
  • Reduced fuel vapor loss
  • Less chance of losing fuel cap

• Automotive-style fuel gauge on the dash
  • Easy to read from tractor seat
  • Reduces likelihood of running out of fuel
  • Eliminates unnecessary stops to refill

The 48-in. (122-cm) Accel Deep Mower Deck is a forged-steel, deep, flat-top design that delivers excellent cut quality, productivity, cleanliness, durability, and versatility. Optimal performance and dispersion of clippings is provided, even at faster mowing speeds or in tall grass:

• 4.83-in. (12.3-cm) depth throughout the entire deck shell for optimum mowing, mulching, and bagging performance
  • Optional lever-action or electric one-touch MulchControl™ system provides superior mulching performance and versatility.
• Forged-steel design eliminates sharp edges and corners where material can build up and diminish mowing performance
• Mower deck is suspended from the vehicle for a smooth and level cut
  • Adjustable mower wheels, positioned just above ground level, help reduce scalping 
• 0.25-in. (6.4-mm) cut-height increments allow the mower to be set at the desired cut height
• Compatible with high-performance Power Flow™ material collection systems
• For use on X330, X350, X354, X370, X380, X384, X390, X394, X570, X580, X584, and model year 2016 and newer X590 Tractors

Excellent cut quality

Deep mower-deck forging gives excellent cut quality. It allows the cut and suspended material room to exit the deck without getting recut:

• Reducing the amount of recutting enables more power to be used to cut incoming grass, which greatly improves mower capacity.
  • Helps maintain excellent cut quality at faster mowing speeds
• Clean flow of material out of discharge area prevents cut material from interfering with cutting the incoming grass, making it possible for the blades to cut incoming material cleanly.
• Even in mulching mode, cut evenness is improved compared to other designs because the additional depth allows for continuous circulation, optimal recutting, and an even distribution of clippings.
• Exact Adjust deck-leveling system allows for easy and accurate leveling of the mower deck.

Productivity - getting the job done fast

Deep mower-deck forging gives high productivity, which gets the job done fast. It allows the cut and suspended material room to exit the deck quickly, reducing the amount of recutting so more power is available to process incoming grass:

• Greatly improves mower's capacity to maintain excellent mowing performance in difficult mowing conditions and at higher speeds

Large discharge opening is both high and wide to handle more material:

• Gives a smooth, even discharge of clippings at all mowing speeds
• Reduces the chance of plugging, especially important when operating in wet, thick, or dense grass and when bagging
• The 48A Power Flow blower has an inlet housing with over 50 percent greater area than the 48X Power Flow blower used on previous machines.

Cleanliness - for the mower and the operator

The flat-top shape of the deck forging is optimal for keeping itself and the operator clean:

• There are few places to catch and hold material on top and underneath the deck.
  • Top of deck stays cleaner, reducing time and effort needed for cleaning and service
  • Underside of deck is self-cleaning to maintain optimum performance without buildup of material to interfere with the flow of air and clippings
  • Less need to clean and remove buildup of material from underside deck
• The depth of the Accel Deep mower deck minimizes the amount of material that escapes from the front of the deck:
  • Limited amount of material to drift onto the operator and mower deck
  • Even for material discharged out the chute, less recutting results in larger pieces that are less likely to end up on the operator
  • Mulching prevents the discharge of material completely and MulchControl makes mulching a practical solution for most mowing situations.

Cleaning a mower deck, both top and bottom, is one of the most frequent maintenance activities:

• The flat-top design reduces places for material to build up and makes material that does collect easy to remove.

A wash port is provided to make cleaning the underside of the mower deck easy.

• Hose connector is included with the mower deck.

Mower blades

Side-discharge blades can be used with the Power Flow system when bagging.

Mulching blades are included with the optional MulchControl system. They can be used for mulching, side discharging, and bagging.

 

Mower blade use chart

Mode(s) of operation	Mower blade
Side discharging mode only	Side-discharge blade (shipped with mower)
Mulching mode only	Mulching blade (shipped with MulchControl)
Side discharge and mulching	Mulching blade (shipped with MulchControl)
Bagging	Either side-discharge or mulching blade

Superior durability is designed in

The 48A Mower Deck has strong spindle pockets, to keep the blades aligned, even after years of tough service:

• Forged from strong 10-gauge, 0.135-in. (3.4-mm) steel
• Ribs in the deck shell add strength where it is needed
• The 48A has a 23 percent heavier overall weight than the Edge™ Xtra 48-in. (122-cm) Mower Deck used on previous machines.

Mower wheels are heavy duty:

• Provides greater strength and durability for longer, trouble-free life.
• Setting wheels to the correct height for the cutting height quick and easy.

Low-tension belt-drive design reduces the side load on engine lower bearings and mower deck bearings for longer life.

The 48A Mower Deck features a 5/8-in. (16-mm) diameter solid-steel rod side bumper that provides extra strength and protection.

Dual-stage E-coat and powder-paint coatings provide extra protection from rust.

Versatility - easy to change between side discharge, mulch, and bagging modes

The 48A Mower Deck is designed for maximum versatility, providing the greatest ease in changing from one mower discharge mode to another:

• With an optional MulchControl system installed (along with the special mulching blades), changing from side discharging to mulching or vice versa is done with the simple flip of a lever or push of an electric switch.
• The Power Flow rear bagger can be used with MulchControl by simply using the MulchControl lever or electric one-touch switch to move the mulch baffle to the side-discharge position.

7-bu (247-L) Power Flow rear bagger

An optional 7-bu (247-L) rear bagger material collection system (MCS) is available. It provides an efficient means of collecting grass clippings and leaves:

• The Power Flow blower and chute are easy to install. The Power Flow blower swings out for easy cleanout and cleanup.
• The hopper design provides modern styling, great bagging performance, cleaner operation, and easy-to-empty bags:
  
  • 7-bu (247-L) capacity
  • Easy-to-attach Power Flow blower (ordered separately)
  • Easy-to-attach chute (ordered separately)
  • Air exhaust duct
  • Convenient spring-latch
  • Airflow fill indicator
  • Quik-Tatch mounting
  • Sealed hopper top
  • Loose-knit bags available

Larger 14-bu (493-L) and 19-bu (670-L) MCS are available, in addition to the 7-bu (247-L) MCS, for specific X300 and X500 Series Tractor models.

The 54-in. (137-cm) Accel Deep Mower Deck is a forged-steel, deep, flat-top design that delivers excellent cut quality, productivity, cleanliness, durability, and versatility. Optimal performance and dispersion of clippings is provided, even at faster mowing speeds or in tall grass:

• 4.83-in. (12.3-cm) depth throughout the entire deck shell for optimum mowing, mulching, and bagging performance
  • Optional lever-action or electric one-touch MulchControl™ system provides superior mulching performance and versatility.
• Forged-steel design eliminates sharp edges and corners where material can build up and diminish mowing performance
• Mower deck is suspended from the vehicle for a smooth and level cut
  • Adjustable mower wheels, positioned just above ground level, help reduce scalping 
• 0.25-in. (6.4-mm) cut-height increments allow the mower to be set at the desired cut height
• Compatible with high-performance Power Flow™ material collection systems
• For use on X380, X384, X390, X394, X570, X580, X584, and model year 2016 and newer X590 Tractors

Excellent cut quality

Deep mower-deck forging gives excellent cut quality. It allows the cut and suspended material room to exit the deck without getting recut:

• Reducing the amount of recutting enables more power to be used to cut incoming grass, which greatly improves mower capacity.
  • Helps maintain excellent cut quality at faster mowing speeds
• Clean flow of material out of discharge area prevents cut material from interfering with cutting the incoming grass, making it possible for the blades to cut incoming material cleanly.
• Even in mulching mode, cut evenness is improved compared to other designs because the additional depth allows for continuous circulation, optimal recutting, and an even distribution of clippings.
• Exact Adjust deck-leveling system allows for easy and accurate leveling of the mower deck

Productivity - getting the job done fast

Deep mower-deck forging gives high productivity, which gets the job done fast. It allows the cut and suspended material room to exit the deck quickly, reducing the amount of recutting so more power is available to process incoming grass:

• Greatly improves mowers capacity to maintain excellent mowing performance in difficult mowing conditions and at higher speeds

Large discharge opening is both high and wide to handle more material:

• Gives a smooth, even discharge of clippings at all mowing speeds
• Reduces the chance of plugging, especially important when operating in wet, thick, or dense grass and when bagging
• The 54A Power Flow blower has an inlet housing with over 20 percent greater area than the 54X Power Flow blower used on previous machines.

Cleanliness - for the mower and the operator

The flat-top shape of the deck forging is optimal for keeping itself and the operator clean:

• There are few places to catch and hold material on top and underneath the deck.
  • Top of deck stays cleaner, reducing time and effort needed for cleaning and service
  • Underside of deck is self-cleaning to maintain optimum performance without buildup of material to interfere with the flow of air and clippings
  • Less need to clean and remove buildup of material from underside deck
• The depth of the Accel Deep mower deck minimizes the amount of material that escapes from the front of the deck:
  • Limited amount of material to drift onto the operator and mower deck
  • Even for material discharged out the chute, less recutting results in larger pieces that are less likely to end up on the operator
  • Mulching prevents the discharge of material completely and MulchControl makes mulching a practical solution for most mowing situations.

Cleaning a mower deck, both top and bottom, is one of the most frequent maintenance activities:

• The flat-top design reduces places for material to build up and makes material that does collect easy to remove.

A wash port is provided to make cleaning the underside of the mower deck easy.

• Hose connector is included with the mower deck.

Superior durability is designed in

The 54A Mower Deck has strong spindle pockets, to keep the blades aligned, even after years of tough service:

• Forged from strong 10-gauge, 0.135-in. (3.4-mm) steel
• Ribs in the deck shell add strength where it is needed.
• The 54A has a 3 percent heavier overall weight than the Edge™ Xtra 54-in. (137-cm) Mower Deck used on previous machines.

Mower wheels are heavy duty:

• Provides greater strength and durability for longer, trouble-free life.
• Setting wheels to the correct height for the cutting height quick and easy.

Low-tension belt-drive design reduces the side load on engine lower bearings and mower deck bearings for longer life.

The 54A Mower Deck features a 5/8-in. (16-mm) diameter solid-steel rod side bumper that provides extra strength and protection.

Dual-stage E-coat and powder-paint coatings provide extra protection from rust.

Versatility - easy to change between side discharge, mulch, and bagging modes

The 54A Mower Deck is designed for maximum versatility, providing the greatest ease in changing from one mower discharge mode to another:

• With an optional MulchControl system installed (along with the special mulching blades), changing from mulch mode to side discharge mode or vice versa is done with the simple flip of a lever or touch of an electric switch.
• The Power Flow rear bagger can be used with MulchControl by simply using the MulchControl lever or electric one-touch switch to move the MulchControl baffle to the side-discharge position.

7-bu (247-L) Power Flow rear bagger

An optional 7-bu (247-L) rear bagger material collection system (MCS) is available. It provides an efficient means of collecting grass clippings and leaves:

• The Power Flow blower and chute are easy to install. The Power Flow blower swings out for easy cleanout and cleanup.
• The hopper design provides modern styling, great bagging performance, cleaner operation, and easy-to-empty bags:
  
  • 7-bu (247-L) capacity
  • Easy-to-attach Power Flow blower (ordered separately)
  • Easy-to-attach chute (ordered separately)
  • Air exhaust duct
  • Convenient spring-latch
  • Airflow fill indicator
  • Quik-Tatch mounting
  • Sealed hopper top
  • Loose-knit bags available

Larger 14-bu (493-L) and 19-bu (670-L) MCS are available, in addition to the 7-bu (247-L) MCS, for specific X300 and X500 Series Tractor models.

 

Mower blades

Side-discharge blades can be used with the Power Flow system when bagging.

Mulching blades are included with the optional MulchControl system. They can be used for mulching, side discharging, and bagging.

 

Mower blade use chart

Mode(s) of operation	Mower blade
Side discharging mode only	Side-discharge blade (shipped with mower)
Mulching mode only	Mulching blade (shipped with MulchControl)
Side discharge and mulching	Mulching blade (shipped with MulchControl)
Bagging	Either side-discharge or mulching blade

An exclusive 4-year or 500-hour (whichever comes first), single-source, bumper-to-bumper warranty* is standard for all John Deere X500 Series Tractors.

• The warranty is hassle free, with both the mower and the engine covered by a single warranty.
• If the mower is sold, the remaining warranty term is transferable to a new owner.
• Premium features of X500 Series Tractors allow for this longer warranty period, with more coverage than comparable tractors.

*Term limited to years or hours used, whichever comes first, and varies by model. U.S. and Canada only. See the LIMITED WARRANTY FOR NEW JOHN DEERE TURF AND UTILITY EQUIPMENT at JohnDeere.com or JohnDeere.ca/TUWarranty for details.

Hydraulic power steering is standard equipment:

• Provides effortless automotive-like control
• Reduces operator fatigue and increases productivity
• Offers a tight turning radius for great maneuverability
• Adjustable-tilt steering wheel for optimum operator comfort (X584 and X590)

Convenient hydraulic lift

Convenient hydraulic lift lever makes raising and lowering the mower or implement easy:

• The hydraulic lift control lever is positioned on the dash near the steering wheel.
• Hydraulic lift provides quick, easy, and precise fingertip control of equipment.
• Implement float is built into the lift linkage.

The integrated hydrostatic transaxle (IHT) encloses the hydrostatic pump and motor rotating groups in the same housing with the differential and axle housing:

• Very efficient piston-type design
• Fewer sealing surfaces to minimize potential for leakage

When combined with the foot controls, the hydrostatic transmission functions similarly to that of an automatic transmission in an automobile, so the term automatic is often used to describe it.

 

Key features of the drive system are as follows:

• Large pump and motor rotating groups for long life and efficient operation
• Full-length axle housings to support heavy loads
• Twin Touch™ foot control for easy and precise change of speed and direction
• Internal wet-disk brakes for long life and consistent operation
• Brake interlock system that returns the foot control pedals to neutral during panic stops
• Replaceable oil filter for extra protection for tractors equipped with hydraulic lift and steering

Freewheeling valve

When it's inconvenient to start the tractor, a freewheeling valve releases the transmission so the tractor can be pushed a short distance. The freewheeling valve control is conveniently located on the tractor’s rear hitch plate.

Traction assist (differential lock)

Traction assist is standard equipment:

• Traction assist supplies positive power to both drive wheels for increased traction.
• Foot-operated traction assist control is convenient for the operator to use, when needed.

The optional MulchControl system makes mulching more practical for many mowing situations because it not only does an excellent job of mulching, but it also allows the mower to be easily converted for times when it is more desirable to side discharge or collect the lawn material. Advantages of mulching grass clippings include:

• Creates a beautiful looking lawn
• Smaller grass clippings disappear into the lawn canopy
• Reduces fertilizer needs
• Grass clippings are not blown onto the operator, driveways, or flower beds
• No need to dispose of bags of clippings

How MulchControl works

MulchControl is an innovative, simple design that is easy to use and maintain:

• The MulchControl system includes an adjustable MulchControl baffle near the discharge chute and fixed baffles to control the flow of material under the deck.
• The MulchControl handle, or an electric one-touch actuator, is on top of the mower deck and is used to open and close the MulchControl baffle.
• When the MulchControl baffle is open, most of the material flows freely out the discharge deflector or into a material collection system.
• When the MulchControl baffle is closed, material stays within the deck and gets chopped into mulch and deposited in the turf.

MulchControl is well-suited to the following mowing situations:

• For operators who usually mulch, but side discharge when grass gets too long
• For operators who usually side discharge, but would like to close the chute to control clippings in some areas
• For operators who always mulch a main lawn, but often side discharge secondary lawns
• For operators who collect clippings but want to go farther before emptying the material collection system

MulchControl puts the operator in control of the clippings.

 

Electric one-touch MulchControl

Electric one-touch MulchControl systems shift the MulchControl baffle using an electric actuator that is operated by a dash-mounted switch.

Operators can convert between modes without interrupting the mowing process, making it possible to change between modes:

• When approaching driveways or flower beds where clippings would be undesirable
• When a breeze blows clippings back onto the operator
• For side discharge mowing only the areas of the property where grass is too thick for mulching
• With 48A and 54A Mower Decks, for collecting only the areas of the property where grass is too tall or thick for mulching

MulchControl limitations

While in the side discharge mode, MulchControl still mulches about one third of the material. Therefore, the side discharge mode is essentially a partial mulch mode. This can be an advantage when side discharging or bagging, as it helps to reduce the amount of material being discharged. Other times this could work as a disadvantage:

• When cutting strong southern grasses, such as Zoysia and Bermuda
• When cutting in wet, high growth conditions, such as those found in the Pacific Northwest United States
• When optimum bagging and lawn clean­up is desired
• 42A Mower Deck requires a MulchControl baffle be removed to install the bagger chute

When bagging with MulchControl on a 48A or 54A mower deck, the MulchControl baffle can be opened or closed with the Power Flow™ blower installed. The Power Flow blower runs without material when the baffle is closed.

Electric one-touch MulchControl attachments

Attachment	Description	Applications
BUC11632	42-in. (107-cm) Accel Deep electric one-touch MulchControl	Model year 2016 and newer X300 Series Tractors*
BUC11633	48-in. (122-cm) Accel Deep electric one-touch MulchControl	Model year 2016 and newer X300 and X500 Series Tractors*
BUC11634	54-in. (137-cm) Accel Deep electric one-touch MulchControl	Model year 2016 and newer X300 and X500 Series Tractors*

*NOTE: Model year 2016-2017 X300 and X500 Series Tractors (X300 serial number 10,001-50,000 and X500 serial number 110,001-130,000) require replacing the tractor wiring harness and dash panel to use an electric MulchControl attachment.

When bagging with MulchControl on a 42A mower deck, the cut-and-throw rear bagger can be used with the MulchControl blades. However, the rear MulchControl baffle (A) needs to be removed to install the bagger chute. The baffle is held in place with two carriage bolts. To return to mulching, the chute needs to be removed and the baffle replaced.

MulchControl compatibility

Each MulchControl system is an optional field-installed attachment and includes everything needed: baffles, mulch blades, a handle (lever action attachments) or an actuator, wiring, and switches (electric one-touch attachments).

Lever-action MulchControl attachments

Attachment	Description	Applications
BUC10704	42-in. (107-cm) Accel Deep MulchControl (lever action)	Model year 2016 and newer X300 Series Tractors, Z300 Series ZTrak™ Mowers
BUC10705	48-in. (122-cm) Accel Deep MulchControl (lever action)	S240 Lawn Tractor, model year 2016 and newer X300 and X500 Series Tractors, Z300 and Z500 Series ZTrak Mowers
BUC10706	54-in. (137-cm) Accel Deep MulchControl (lever action)	Model year 2016 and newer X300 and X500 Series Tractors, Z300 and Z500 Series ZTrak Mowers

An advantage of lawn tractors is their ability to use attachments for snow removal. Lawn tractor owners can add a John Deere snow blower or front blade to make quick work of moving snow whenever the need arises. Weather enclosure and tire-chain attachments add comfort and performance.

Equipment available for snow removal includes:

• 44-in. (112-cm) Snow Blower for X570 Tractor
• 47-in. (119-cm) Snow Blower for X580, X584, and X590 Tractors
• 48-in. (122-cm) Front Blade
• Tire chains or TerraGrip traction belts
• Weather enclosure
• Weights